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Upcycled Nanomaterials from Wastewater Treatment for Active and Smart Packaging- A Review
Review Article | Published: 19 May 2025
Journal of Composites Engineering and Sustainability Volume 1, Issue 1, 2025: 3-15
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Journal of Composites Engineering and Sustainability, Volume 1, Issue 1, 2025: 3-15

Open Access | Review Article | 19 May 2025
Upcycled Nanomaterials from Wastewater Treatment for Active and Smart Packaging- A Review
by
K. Arun Prasath K. Arun Prasath 1 *
A. M. Shanawaz A. M. Shanawaz 2
Y. Carlin Calaph Y. Carlin Calaph 1
T. Raj Pradeesh T. Raj Pradeesh 3
Ruby Celsia Arul Selvaraj Ruby Celsia Arul Selvaraj 4
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli 627152, India
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Kariapatti, Madurai 626115, India
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India
4 Department of Food Technology, K S Rangasamy College of Technology, Namakkal 637215, India
* Corresponding Author: K. Arun Prasath, [email protected]
DOI: 10.62762/JCES.2025.447373
Received: 18 March 2025, Accepted: 15 April 2025, Published: 19 May 2025  
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Abstract
Usage of nanomaterials in the wastewater treatment provides added value from the perspective of preparation and market perspectives, adding to the demand for sustainable and intelligent packaging solutions, resulting in a market interest in smart and active packaging based on the modification of nanoparticles derived from wastewater treatment. In this paper, the advantages and their applications for the fibrous nanomaterials recovered from wastewater treatment processes, physical/chemical properties, environmental advantages, as well as their potential purposes are investigated through case studies on smart and active packaging systems. Nanomaterials such as graphene derivatives, nanocellulose, nano chitosan and metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, synthesized and recovered from wastewater possess specific physicochemical characteristics that can be tailored for the development of new food packaging materials endowed with sensing, antibacterial and barrier functions. In turn, the paper addresses the scalability, safety and regulatory concerns by exploring a discussion of extraction techniques, materials characteristics and environmental and social impacts. This article also explains how these nanoparticles can be used in such a packaging to improve their sustainability, helping to make them a more environmentally sustainable option, as well as keep products for longer and increase their shelf life. In this paper, the potential of up-cycling and micro-fabrication technologies for giving birth to innovative green packaging repurposed from waste water management is demonstrated according to the circular economy principles.
Graphical Abstract
Upcycled Nanomaterials from Wastewater Treatment for Active and Smart Packaging- A Review
Keywords
nanomaterials
wastewater treatment
smart packaging
sustainability
Data Availability Statement
Data will be made available on request.
Funding
This work was supported without any funding.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate
Not applicable.
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Cite This Article
APA Style
Prasath, K. A., Shanawaz, A. M., Calaph, Y. C., Pradeesh, T. R., & Selvaraj, R. C. A. (2025). Upcycled Nanomaterials from Wastewater Treatment for Active and Smart Packaging- A Review. Journal of Composites Engineering and Sustainability, 1(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.62762/JCES.2025.447373
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